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In Chicago, the local government received requests for more libraries and community spaces, however, there was little to no funding available for the projects. Combining a new public library with affordable senior housing improves the value proposition of both projects as construction costs can be shared between levels of government. The library could not have been built on its own.

Belo Horizonte faced a shortage of school buildings and only had the resources to meet approximately 35% of demand. A bundling public-private partnership (PPP) approach was used to finance, build, and equip new schools, with non-academic services operated under a PPP with a 20-year concession period.

In 2012, the Hong Kong SAR Government proposed to construct a new 12-storey, circa 59,000 m 2 hospital in Tin Shui Wai to meet a growing demand for health services. The hospital was a complex project owing to the relatively tight timeframe, and modifications that evolved from the specialised user requirements.

Sydney Metro Northwest is Australia’s first fully automated driverless metro railway. A 36 km link servicing Sydney’s north-west, it includes eight new railway stations and an upgrade to five existing stations. The Operations, Trains and Systems (OTS) component of the project was delivered under a PPP contract.

Grand Paris Express is a metro rail project being delivered by Société du Grand Paris (SGP) that will expand the Paris Metro network to approximately double its size.

Ohio State University's energy efficiency program aimed to modernise the 490-building campus. OSU entered into a concession agreement with Ohio State Energy Partners (OSEP), which provided a USD1.165 billion up-front lease payment to handle the university’s energy management and a network expansion over a 50-year concession period.

Cities are at the forefront of the pandemic crisis and are key players in the fight to achieve net-zero emissions targets, but they lack funding for essential services and infrastructure. Examples from recent projects demonstrate ways to increase support from private investors.

Ferry services in Sydney, Australia provide a vital public transport service. The NSW Government franchised the operations of the Sydney ferry services under a seven-year franchising agreement.

The NSW Government faced a shortage of skilled workers and an ongoing lack of workforce diversity in the infrastructure industry – particularly with respect to women, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and apprentices. The government, in consultation with the construction industry, mandated skills, training, and employment targets for all major government infrastructure projects.

The New South Wales (NSW) Government sought to upgrade a 155 km section of the Pacific Highway between Woolgoolga and Ballina. It adopted a d elivery partner model that repackaged the works and tender packages on a trade or activity basis, for a logical sequencing of works across the entire project.

The Queensland Government needed to deliver eight new primary schools and two new secondary schools across South East Queensland to cater for up to 10,000 additional students and 650 staff as part of the growing demand for education in the region. The Queensland Government adopted a bundling approach within a public-private partnership (PPP) contract to ‘bundle’ the 10 smaller school assets under a PPP.

Rocky Flats was a United States nuclear weapons plant in Colorado. After production was halted in 1989, government agencies did not have the capability or capacity to close the plant as quickly desired. To accelerate the program and minimise cost, performance incentives were provided to the joint venture responsible for delivering the works.